Supply Chain and Delivery of Antimicrobial Drugs in Smallholder Livestock Production Systems in Uganda

This study assessed the veterinary drug supply chain in Uganda, constraints faced by actors, and how challenges influence use of antimicrobial (AMs) livestock farmers. We carried out stakeholder consultation workshops, key informant interviews a knowledge, practices, awareness survey with actors chain. also profiled drugs stored 23 urban peri-urban shops Lira Mukono districts to record commonly sold drugs. The is made several including wholesalers, retailers, Animal Health Service Providers (AHSP) Nearly ninety per cent retailers practitioners did not receive specialized training medicine, most have been business market for more than 10 years. Antibiotics anti-helminthics were stocked antibiotics ranking highest terms contribution annual financial profits, accounting 33%. choice was mainly informed past success efficacy drug, capacity client (the farmer) meet treatment cost. Many conversant policies country, having higher number (72%) compared (37%). Veterinary from district those serving small scale farmers relative large smallholders knowledgeable about AMR. Several identified as potential drivers misuse that could contribute These included low level education particularly poor handling at purchase administration enforcement regulations, lack stakeholders regulate use. Thus, future interventions reduce AM production systems Uganda such building, should target input suppliers, deliberately involve strong policy advocacy component.